Running America

Running

Marine running in a triathlon

Running is by definition the fastest means for an animal to move on foot. It is defined in sporting terms as a gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground at the same time. It is a form of aerobic exercise.

Jogging

Jogging America Race Walking Athletes is a poorly-defined term which generally refers to a type of slow running, previously called "roadwork" when athletes in training, such as boxers, customarily ran several miles each day as part of their conditioning. In the 1960s or 1970s the word "roadwork" was mostly supplanted by the word "jogging" and this form of running became quite popular among many people at that time in the United States. Jogging is a "high-impact" exercise that places strain on the body, notably the joints of the knee. This is actually one of the basic reasons for doing the exercise, as the impact drives growth processes in the body. Some dropped jogging in order to take up "low-impact" exercises such as stair climbing. Jogging can be combined with other kinds of exercising. Special trails that combine them are called trim trails.

Some people define jogging as an inefficient form of running which, for the given individual performing it, and all other conditions held constant, is less efficient than walking. Above a certain pace, running is a more efficient form of locomotion (requires less effort). Below that pace, running is less efficient than walking and makes no sense as a means of getting from point A to point B. A courier delivering a message on foot over 60 miles of road would expend more energy jogging the distance at a 13 minute mile pace rather than briskly walking it at the same pace. Slow jogging is pure exercise, with no practical application.

Because jogging is inefficient, it's often associated with poor form Amber Antonia . Joggers, or runners who are jogging, sometimes move in ways that wouldn't be done in a competitive running situation: excessively bounding into the air, landing heavily on the heel, carrying the arms too high, and so forth. For these reasons, "jogger" and "jogging" are considered derogatory terms by some athletes who consider themselves runners. Other people use the terms "running" and "jogging" interchangeably, and see nothing derogatory about "jogging".

Jogging is also used for active recovery intervals during interval training. The runner who may just have completed a fast 400 meter repetition at a sub-5-minute mile pace, may drop to an 8 minute mile pace for a recovery lap. The jog might be carried out in much poorer, looser form whose purpose is to "shake out" the body and maintain circulation to eliminate the waste products of exercise metabolism.

Competitive running Curt Clausen

Perhaps the most basic of athletic contests, running races are simply contests to determine which of the competitors is able to run a certain distance fastest. Today, competitive running events make up the core of the sport of athletics.

Running competitions have probably existed for most of humanity's history, and were a key part of the ancient Greek Olympics, as well as the modern Olympic games.

Events are usually grouped into several classes, each requiring substantially different athletic strengths and involving different tactics, training methods, and types of competitors.

Running affects not only the body, but the mind as well. Runners who finish a great run are often said to have a "runner's high" - a strong feeling of accomplishment and pride. Some sources point to the origin of a runner's high being increased endorphin production as a result of exercise.

Running injuries Jill Cobb

There are many injuries associated with running (due to it being a high impact activity). Common injuries are "runner's knee" (pain in the knee), shin splints, pulled muscles (especially the hamstring), "jogger's nipple" (soreness of the nipple due to friction), twisted ankles, and Iliotibial Band Syndrome. The most common running related injuries are due to over-use. Repetitive stress on the same tissues without enough time for recovery or due to improper form or muscle imbalances, leads to many of the above. Generally these can be minimized by warming up beforehand, wearing proper running shoes, improving running form, performing strengthening exercises, and getting enough rest. There is a very strong consensus among the running and scientific community that all of those can be very effective in minimizing or recovering from running injuries. Another injury prevention method that is very commonly recommended in the running community, but is actually controversial is stretching Joanne Dow . While stretching is often recommended as a near requirement to avoid running injuries, the relevant medical literature does not represent as much of a consensus that it is effective. Some studies find that it is and some find that it really isn't helpful at all. A 2002 systematic review of 27 peer reviewed studies found that there was not sufficient evidence to support the claim that stretching was effective in injury prevention or soreness reduction.[1] Most members of the running community find that the inconsistent study methods and the failure to establish proper controls and find proper stretching methods is the reason behind the conflicting studies, and stretching is in fact helpful, or at least not harmful.

Types of running events

Track running
Road running
Cross-country running
Trail running
Fell running

Classification of running by distance

Sprints
Middle distance
Long distance John Soucheck
Ultrarunning

Silent Running is a science fiction movie made in 1972, directed by Douglas Trumbull and starring Bruce Dern as the protagonist Freeman Lowell. It was made with a very limited budget but has since achieved a cult following.

The movie depicts a dystopian future, in which all plant life on Earth is extinct and only a few specimens have been preserved in greenhouse-like domes attached to a fleet of three American Airlines "Space Freighters" positioned just outside of the orbit of Mars. Lowell, a crew member aboard one of these ships, the "Valley Forge", is in constant disagreement with his other, human crewmates, who are anxious to return to a bleak and deforested yet familiar Earth. However, Lowell does have a better relationship with humanlike drones who are also aboard the ships.

The science and technology depicted in Silent Running Kevin Eastler are not always plausible, and Trumbull's special effects are low quality even by the standards of the time (he had a larger budget in his later film Blade Runner ), but the melancholy message is powerful.

The soundtrack songs are performed by Joan Baez and the film score was composed by Peter Schickele.

Spoiler warning: Plot or ending details follow. Michelle Rohl

When orders come from Earth to jettison the domes that contain the plants, blow each of them up via nuclear explosions and return, Freeman Lowell decides it is his mission to save the plants on his ship, the "Valley Forge." Each ship carries six domes. When one of his crewmates comes to set a bomb in Lowell's forest, Lowell strangles him with the handle of his shovel. In the struggle Lowell's right leg is injured. He then traps the other two crewmates in one of the domes that is about to be jettisoned, and they are killed when Lowell releases the dome and blows it up. Lowell then overrides the programming of the service drones so they can perform surgery on his leg, and renames them Huey, Dewey and Louie.

They fly through the rings of Saturn. The three drones are outside the ship; Louie's leg gets stuck and he is ultimately blown away from the ship due to the turbulence of the rings. Huey is badly damaged in an accident when Lowell runs into it with one of the ships buggies. After almost a year alone in space, the radio again begins chattering - "Valley Forge, this is Berkshire." Lowell realizes that his crime is soon to be discovered by a rescue spacecraft, and not only will he face imprisonment or worse, the dome will be destroyed after all. Lowell chooses to leave Dewey in charge of the last dome, jettison it to safety, and destroy himself and the "Valley Forge" with the last of the onboard nuclear weapons. The final, ostensibly poignant scene is of the forest greenhouse tended by the sole remaining robot, with a battered watering can. Philip Dunn

Trivia

Trumbull had been involved with creating effects for Saturn for "2001" and these were recycled for "Silent Running".
The cult show "Mystery Science Theater 3000" began as a spoof of Silent Running .
The interiors were filmed aboard the decommissioned aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge (CV-45).
The original "Battlestar Galactica" series used stock footage of the Space Freighters in several episodes. On that show, they were called "Agro Ships," and were the source of all the food in the Rag-Tag Fleet. Initially there were three of them, but two were destroyed by the Cylons. As an hommage in the current incarnation of Galactica, there is one "Agro Ship" in the fleet, which is of a different, but clearly derivitive design.
Mike the Mechanics (Genesis's Mike Rutherford's band) paid tribute to the movie with their song "Silent Running"

Sean Albert

A running mate Susan Armenta is a person running for a subordinate position on a joint ticket during an election.

The term is usually used in reference to a prospective vice president of the United States, who the prospective president appoints sometime during the course of the election campaign. The term is also applied in US states where the governor and lieutenant governor run together on the same ticket.

In American presidential elections, the vice-presidential candidate is chosen by the presidential candidate. In some states, the gubernatorial candidate chooses his/her running mate while in other states parties hold separate ballots for governor and lieutenant governor. The two then run together as running mates in the general election.

In some states, separate elections are held for governor and lieutenant governor. In this case, the governor and lieutenant governor run separate campaigns and can be from two different political parties. This was the case when George W. Bush was Governor of Texas. His first lieutenant governor, Bob Bullock, was a Democrat. In cases like this, the governor and lieutenant governor are not considered running mates because they are not elected on the same ticket.

Running mates are often chosen to balance the ticket. That is to create more widespread appeal for a ticket by expanding it appeal across geographic or ideological lines. This was especially true in presidential elections before the American Civil War when northern candidates were often paired with southern candidates and visa-versa.

Electoral votes also play a part in modern presidential running mate selection. ï»¿Vice-Presidential candidates are often from populous states with a large number of electoral votes that may be swayed by having a favorite son on the ticket.

Road running or road racing Teresa Vaill is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road (as opposed to track and cross country running). Such a race is called a road race Tim Seaman . Road racing offers competitors a variety of challenges to overcome such as hills, sharp bends, varied pavement, inclement weather, and a large group to compete against- or with. Aerobic fitness, or the ability of the body to utilize oxygen, is important to have to complete the long distances. Anaerobic fitness, that is, the body's capability at responding when there isn't enough oxygen for the muscle, is necessary to charge up hills and past competitors on the finish line. A common saying for runners is that the sport is 90% mental. Recreational running became popular due to high-profile runners such as Steve Prefontaine.

Race courses are usually held on the streets of major cities and towns but they could be on any sealed road. Most road races are either 5 km (3.1 miles), 10 km (6.2 miles), half-marathon (21.097 km, 13.1 miles), or marathon (42.195 km, 26.2 miles), but non-standard distances are also acceptable. The "Round the Bays" run in Auckland, New Zealand is 8.4 km (5.2 miles), the SBLI Falmouth Road Race in Falmouth Cape Cod is 7 miles long, San Francisco's "Bay to Breakers" is 12 km (7.46 miles); "City to Surf" in Sydney, Australia is 14 km, Honolulu's "Great Aloha Run" is 8.15 miles (13.12 km), and the "Charleston Distance Run" in Charleston, West Virginia is 15 miles (24.14 km).

Any running that covers a distance further than a marathon is called ultrarunning; the event is an ultramarathon. Such events can be measured in distance (for example, 100 kilometers) or by time (whoever has run the farthest after 24 hours) . Examples include the London to Brighton run in England which is just over 54 miles (87.085 km), the Comrades Marathon run between Pietermaritzburg and Durban in South Africa which is about 89 km (55.3 miles), and the Badwate Running With The Devil Song, Motley Crue Running Wild, Coley Running Wild Xxx Xxx, Sale Running Shoes Discount, Best Running Shoes Stability,